Vinayaka Mission University
Vinayaka Missions University (VMU) is a pioneering and vibrant school offering a multi-social experience with an atmosphere checked by the ideal congruity of living in differing qualities.
Years1
UNIT - 01
ENZYME TECHNIQUES - ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES - HANDLING OF ENZYMES - ENZYME
ASSAYS - ANALYSIS OF ENZYMES ACTIVITY (METHODS) - EXPRESSION OF THE ACTIVITY
COUPLED REACTIONS.
UNIT - 02
DNA TECHNOLOGY 2 - R-DNA TECHNOLOGY - ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF
ENZYMES - IMPORTANCE OF PURE ENZYMES - SEPARATION OF ISOENZYMES.
UNIT - 03
ENZYME KINETICS 1 - VELOCITY OF A REACTION - ORDER OF A REACTION - PROGRESS
CURVE FOR ENZYME CATALYZED REACTIONS - FACTORS INFLUENCING VELOCITY OF
ENZYME CATALYZED REACTION.
UNIT - 04
ENZYME KINETICS 2 - MICHAELIS MENTEN KINETICS - KM AND VMAX - EFFECT OF PH -
PH ADJUSTMENTS - BUFFER PREPARATION - TEMPERATURE ON ENZYMATIC
REACTIONS - ANOMALOUS KINETICS OF COMPETITIVE AND NON-COMPETITIVE
INHIBITION - END PRODUCT INHIBITION WITH EXAMPLES.
UNIT - 05
COENZYMES 1 - COENZYMES & COFACTORS - SUBSTRATE ENZYME RELATIONSHIP -
CLASSIFICATION OF CO-ENZYMES AS GROUP TRANSFER - HYDROGEN TRANSFER -
STRUCTURE OF COENZYMES.
UNIT - 06
COENZYMES 2 - FUNCTION OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES - COA - NAD/NADP - FMN/FAD -
BIOTIN - FOLIC ACID - VITAMIN B12 - BIOSYNTHESIS OF PURIDINE AND FLAVIN
NUCLEOTIDES AND COA.
UNIT - 07
MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION - ENZYME SPECIFICITY - ACTIVE SITE - STUDY OF
MECHANISM OF ENZYME REACTION - PATHWAY OF ENZYME CATALYZED REACTIONS.
UNIT - 08
MAPPING OF ACTIVE SITE - MECHANISMS AT ACTIVE SITE OF ENZYMES - COVALENT -
CATALYSIS - ACID BASE CATALYSIS - PROXIMITY AND ORIENTATION EFFECT.
UNIT - 09
REPRESENTATIVE ENZYMES - STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF
REPRESENTATIVE ENZYMES - CHYMOTRYPSIN AND RIBONUCLEASE - REGULATION OF
ENZYME ACTIVITY - COVALENT - MODULATED REGULATORY ENZYMES - ALLOSTERIC
REGULATION.
UNIT - 10
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY - APPLICATION IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES -
LARGE SCALE ENZYME EXTRACTION - PURIFICATION AND STABILIZATION - INDUSTRIAL
Vinayaka Missions University,Directorate of Distance Education
Salem India
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
1 Yr.
ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY(2030705)
APPLICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES - PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME - LIGNOCELLULASE.
UNIT - 11
DEGRADING ENZYME - PECTIN AND PECTIC ENZYME - APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES IN
FOOD INDUSTRY.
UNIT - 12
CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY - ENZYMES ENGINEERING - SERUM ENZYMES IN HEALTH AND
DISEASES - IMMOBILIZED ENZYME TECHNOLOGY - DESIGNER ENZYMES - BIOSENSORS -
RIBOZYMES.
CHROMATOGRAPHY 1 - INTRODUCTION - PRINCIPLE - OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES AND
APPLICATIONS OF PAPER - TYPES LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY - DETECTION OF THIN
LAYER - LOCATION AGENTS USED IN TLC - PREPARATION OF THIN LAYER PLATE -
SAMPLE APPLICATION AND PLATE DEVELOPMENT - ADVANTAGES - USES - LIMITATIONS
- ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY.
CHROMATOGRAPHY 2 - GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (GLC) - INTRODUCTION -
PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION - PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS - HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) - INTRODUCTION - ADVANCES AND ADVANTAGES -
RETENTION TIME (TR) AND RETENTION VOLUME (VR) - RESOLUTION (R) -
INSTRUMENTATION - STATIONARY PHASES IN HPLC - TYPES - LIQUID - SOLID
(ADSORPTION) CHROMATOGRAPHY - LIQUID-LIQUID (PARTITION) CHROMATOGRAPHY -
ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY - GEL-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY -
MOLECULAR EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY - INTRODUCTION - PRINCIPLE - TYPES -
THEORY - PROPERTIES - ADVANTAGES - APPLICATIONS.
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES 1 - INTRODUCTION - PRINCIPLE - COMPONENTS OF
AN ELECTROPHORESIS UNIT - FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY -
SUPPORT MEDIUM - ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF SUPPORT MEDIUM - BUFFERS
- CHOICE OF BUFFER - HOMOGENOUS BUFFER SYSTEM - REDUCING AGENTS -
DETECTION ASSAY - RECORDING AND STORAGE - SAFETY.
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES 2 - TECHNIQUES - PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS -
TYPES OF PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS - HORIZONTAL PAPER - HIGH VOLTAGE PAPER -
CELLULOSE ACETATE - GEL ELECTROPHORESIS - PRINCIPLE - TYPES - HORIZONTAL
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS - VERTICAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS - ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL GEL - APPLICATIONS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS - SDS.
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES 3 - HIGH VOLTAGE AND DISCONTINUOUS
ELECTROPHORESIS - ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING ELECTROPHORESIS - PUSSED FIELD GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 1 - INTRODUCTION - BASIC PRINCIPLES - CONSTRUCTION -
ANALYSIS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC - DESIGN OF SPECTROPHOMETERS -
INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF UV - VISIBLE - IR SPECTROPHOTOMETERS.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 2 - MASS SPECTROMETRY - INTRODUCTION - BASIC THEORY -
COMPONENTS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER - IONIZATION - IN GAS PHASE IONIZATION
TECHNIQUES - DESORPTION TECHNIQUES - FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT - MASS
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOCHEMISTRY
BIO-INSTRUMENTATION(2030702)
ANALYZER - DETECTING OF IONS - RECORDING OF THE SPECTRUM - DATA HANDLING -
FLAME PHOTOMETRY - PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS.
CENTRIFUGATION TECHNIQUES 1 - INTRODUCTION - CENTRIFUGAL FORCE AND
PRINCIPAL OF SEDIMENTATIONS - SVEDBERG UNIT - TYPES OF ROTORS - TYPES OF
CENTRIFUGES - DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS - METHOD OF MOLECULAR
WEIGHT DETERMINATION - APPLICATIONS.
CENTRIFUGATION TECHNIQUES 2 - TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION - DIFFERENTIAL
CENTRIFUGATION - DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION - PRINCIPLE OF RATE ZONAL
CENTRIFUGATION - PRINCIPLE OF ISOPYCNIC CENTRIFUGATION - PREPARATION OF
DENSITY GRADIENTS - SAMPLE APPLICATION - RECOVER OF THE SAMPLE -
CONVERSION OF RPM TO G - CONVERSION OF `G` TO RPM - ULTRA CENTRIFUGE.
X-RAYS - X -RAY DIFFRACTION - CRYSTALS AND DETECTORS - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
AND APPLICATIONS - RADIO CHEMICAL METHODS - BASIC CONCEPTS - COUNTING
METHODS AND APPLICATIONS - AUTORADIOGRAPHY.
TRACER AND OTHER TECHNIQUES - RADIOACTIVE DECAY - UNITS OF RADIOACTIVITY -
DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY.
TYPES OF COUNTER METHOD - GEIGER - MULLER COUNTER - SCINTILLATIONS
COUNTER - APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES IN BIOLOGY - INVESTIGATING ASPECTS
OF METABOLISM - METABOLIC PATHWAY - METABOLIC TURNOVER TIMERS -
ADSORPTION - ACCULATION - PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES - ANALYTICAL
APPLICATIONS - OTHER APPLICATIONS.
WATER - STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF WATER - HYDROGEN BONDING OF WATER -
SOLVENT PROPERTIES OF WATER - HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION.
CARBOHYDRATES - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - MONOSACCHARIDE -
CLASSIFICATION - STEREOCHEMISTRY - CYCLIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALDEHYDE AND
KETONE GROUPS - ACTION OF ACIDS AND ALKALIES ON SUGARS - REACTION OF
SUGARS DUE TO HYDROXYL GROUPS.
DISACCHARIDES - DEFINITION - CLASSIFICATION - STRUCTURE - CHEMISTRY AND
FUNCTION - TRISACCHARIDE.
POLY SACCHARIDES - DEFINITION - STARCH - GYCOGEN - DEXTRIN AND MOLIN -
STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES - CELLULOSE - CHITIN AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS.
LIPIDS - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS - TYPES - SIMPLE -
COMPOUND PROPERTIES OF FATS - COMPOUND LIPIDS - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF PHOSPHOLIPDS - GLYCOLIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS.
LIPIDS 2 - DERIVED LIPIDS - DEFINITION - FATTY ACID - STRUCTURE AND UNSATURATED
FATTY ACIDS - ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS - STEROIDS - STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTEROL.
AMINO ACIDS - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - AMINO ACIDS AS AMPHOLYTES -
STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS - CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF AMINO
ACIDS - PEPTIDES.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES - IDENTIFICATION OF N AND C TERMINAL RESIDUES -
DETERMINATION OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PEPTIDES - GLUTATHIONE AND
OXYTOCIN.
PROTEINS - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS
- CLASSIFICATION - PRIMARY STRUCTURE - SECONDARY STRUCTURE - TERTIARY
STRUCTURE AND QUATERNARY STRUCTURE WITH EXAMPLES - PROPERTIES OF SILK
FIBRON - COLLAGEN AND HEMOGLOBIN.
ELECTROSTATIC FORCES - FORCES IN PROTEIN INTERACTIONS - SHORT RANGE
REPULSIONS - HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS - THE RAMACHANDRAN PLOT.
BIO-MOLECULES AND STRIDULATION BIOLOGY(2030804)
NUCLEIC ACIDS - STRUCTURE OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES - NUCLEOTIDES AND
NUCLEOSIDES - DNA - DOUBLE HELIX - A, B & Z FORMS - COILING AND SUPERCOILING
OF DNA - DNA DENATURATION AND RENATURATION - CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF DNA - PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA STRUCTURE - HISTONES - RNA -
RNA TYPES - UNUSUAL BASES - ENZYMATIC REACTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND ITS
ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
VITAMINS AND MINERALS - MINERALS - DEFINITION - STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION
- SOURCES - ROLE OF VITAMINS IN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY - MINERALS - DEFINITION -
ESSENTIAL MINERALS - SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS - A NOTE ON REQUIREMENT.
STRUCTURE OF GENE - INTRODUCTION - FINE STRUCTURE OF GENE - CLASSICAL
DEFINITION OF GENE - CISTRON - MUTON - CHROMOSOMAL STRUCTURE -
CHROMOSOMAL ORGANIZATION OF GENES - CODING AND NON CODING REGIONS OF
DNA.
TRANSFERABLE GENES - PLASMIDS - AND TRANSPOSONS.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES - CHROMATIN
STRUCTURE - HETEROCHROMATIN AND ECUCHROMATIN.
DNA REPLICATION - MECHANISMS OF DNA REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES AND
EUKARYOTES - DIFFERENT MODELS OF DNA.
MUTATION - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION AND TYPES OF MUTATION - SPONTANEOUS
AND INDUCED - MUTAGENIC AGENTS.
DNA DAMAGE - MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR
SYSTEMS. MUTATION RATE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MUTATION STUDIES.
PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS - CENTRAL DOGMA - DIFFERENT PHASES OF PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS - ACTIVATION - TRANSCRIPTION - TRANSLATION - TERMINATION AND POST
TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS.
RECOMBINATION - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - MODEL - HOLLIDAY MODEL -
MESSELSON MODES - SITE SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION.
GENE ACTIVATION - REGULATION OF GENE ACTIVATION - REGULATION OF GENE
ACTIVATION IN PROKARYOTES - ENZYME REGULATION OF GENE ACTION - OPERON
HYPOTHESIS - EXAMPLES OF LAC ) OPERON - DEFINITION OF OPERON.
GENE EXPRESSION - INTRODUCTION - MEANING - REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
IN SIMPLE EUKARYOTES - EUKARYOTIC GENE CONTROL.
REGULATION - MEANING - HORMONAL REGULATION - REGULATIONS BY HISTONES -
REGULATION OF HETEROCHROMATIN.
GENETICS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY(2030805)
RECOMBINATION - MEANING - MECHANISMS - FORMS OF RECOMBINATION -
CONJUGATION - TYPES - BATCH CONJUGATION - TRANSDUCTION - TYPES -
GENERALIZED - SPECIALIZED - TRANSFORMATION - PRINCIPLE - GRIFFITH EXPERIMENT
- PROPERTIES OF RECIPIENT CELLS - RECOMBINATION STRAINS.
IMMUNITY - DEFINITION - INNATE IMMUNITY - MECHANISMS OF INNATE IMMUNITY -
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY WITH EXAMPLES.
ANTIGENS - DEFINITION - DETERMINATION OF ANTIGINICITY - ANTIBODIES - DEFINITION -
TYPES - FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES.
ANTIGEN - ANTIBODY INTERACTION IN VITRO - PRECIPITATION - AGGLUTINATION.
ELISA - COMPLEMENT FIXATION TECHNIQUES - APPLICATIONS.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM - CENTRAL THYROID ORGANS -
PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID ORGANS - CELLS OF LYMPHORETICULAR SYSTEM -
LYMPHOCYTES.
T-CELL MATURARION - B-CELL MATURATION NULL CELLS - PHAGOCYTIC CELLS -
ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION MHC - ORGANIZATION.
MHC MOLECULES AND GENES - CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION - REGULATION OF MHC -
IMMUNE ANTIGENS MHC - DISEASE.
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM - GENERAL PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT - COMPLMENT
ACTIVATION - CLASSICAL PATHWAY AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS - REGULATION OF
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF C - HYPERSENSITIVITY - CLASSIFICATION - IMMEDIATE AND
DELAYED TYPES - TYPE I, II, III AND IV - HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AND ITS
MECHANISMS.
AUTOIMMUNITY - CLASSIFICATION OF AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE - HAEMOCYTOLYTIC
AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE - LOCALIZED AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE.
SYSTEMIC AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE - PATHOGENESIS OF AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE.
IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION - AUTOGRAFT - ALLOGRAFT - ISOGRAFT AND
XENOGRAFT.
IMMUNOLOGY OF PNEUMOLOGY(2060111)
COLORIMETRIC EXPERIMENTS:
1.ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF STARCH FROM POTATO.
2.ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCOGEN FROM LIVER TISSUE (RAT OR GOAT)
3.ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF ASCORBIC ACID FROM CITRUS FRUIT.
4.ESTIMATION OF FRUCTOSE IN FRUITS.
5.ESTIMATION OF RIBOFLAVIN FROM LEGUMES.
6.ESTIMATION OF NIACIN.
7.DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN E.
8.ESTIMATION OF BETA- CAROTENE FROM CARROT.
9.ESTIMATION OF TOTAL FREE AMINO ACIDS IN PLANT TISSUES.
10.ESTIMATION OF LECITHIN FROM EGG YOLK..
11.DETERMINATION OF PLANT HORMONES - IAA OR GIBBERLLIN.
ENZYMES STUDIES:
1.ASSAY OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHASE OR GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE.
2.ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, PROPERTIES AND INHIBITOR STUDIES OF ANY ONE OF THE
ENZYME CELLULASE.
3.ESTIMATION OF ALBUMIN
4.DETERMINATION OF NA + , K + USING FLAME PHOTOMETER
5.DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE, PROTEIN AND CHLORIDE IN CSF
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES:
1.SEPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY -
CIRCULAR,ASCENDING & DESCENDING.
2.SEPARATION OF LIPIDS BY TLC
3.SEPARATION OF PLANT PIGMENTS BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
PRACTICAL - II
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
1.POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF DNA
A.NON-DENATURING B) DENATURING
2.RESTRICTION ANALYSIS OF DNA
3.PREPARATION OF COMPETENT E COLI - TRANSFORMATION
4.PLASMID DNA ISOLATION
5.GENOMIC DNA ISOLATION
6.SOUTHERN BLOT HYBRIDIZATION (DEMONSTRATION )
7.POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR AMPLIFICATION OF DNA (DEMONSTRATION)
8.ESTIMATION OF RNA - UV AND VISIBLE METHOD.
9.ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF DNA FROM SPLEEN OR LIVER - UV AND VISIBLE
PRACTICAL-I&II(MSC-BIO-CHEM)(2030710)
METHOD
IMMUNOLOGY:
1.IMMUNO DIFFUSION - SINGLE RADIAL AND DOUBLE IMMUNODIFFUSION
2.IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
3.ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
4.AGGLUTINATION TESTS
5.RAISING OF ANTIBODIES - SINGLE SOLUBLE AND PARTICULATE ANTIGEN
6.IDENTIFYING BLOOD GROUPING AND RH TYPING.
Years2
INTRODUCTION - GOALS - SCOPE - FUNDAMENTAL OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM - CELLS -
CELL TRANSPORT THROUGH PLASMA MEMBRANE - ENERGETIC AND RESPIRATION.
CELL CYCLE - FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS - IMMUNE SYSTEM - BIOLOGY OF
ENVIRONMENT - BASIC PRINCIPLES AND POPULATION ECOLOGY - FOOD CHAIN - FOOD
WEB IN ECOSYSTEM.
MOLECULAR MODELING - INTRODUCTION - MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND INTERNAL
ENERGY - APPLICATION MACROMOLECULAR MODELING.
MOLECULAR MECHANICS AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF OLIGOPEPTIDES -
NUCLEOTIDES - DRUG MOLECULES.
MOLECULAR DESIGN - EMERGING AREAS IN BIOINFORMATICS - BIO - COMPUTING.
DATABASE SYSTEMS - INTRODUCTION -DATA ABSTRACTION - DATA MODELS -
INSTANCES AND SCHEMES - NETWORK DATA MODEL - BASIC CONCEPTS - HIERARCHIAL
DATA MODEL.
BASIC CONCEPTS - ORACLE - RDBMS - VISUAL BASIC - CLIENT / SERVER TECHNOLOGY -
DATA TYPES - STRINGS -VARIANT - CONSTANT - DATA - ARRAYS.
LOOPING -GENOMIC DATA BANKS - MICROBIAL AND CELLULAR DATA BANKS -
COMPUTER NETWORKING - LAN - WAN - MODEMS - INTERNET.
INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - FUNCTIONS - SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF
BIOSTATISTICS -COLLECTION OF DATA - SAMPLING - SAMPLING DESIGN.
CLASSIFICATION AND TABULATION -TYPES BAR DIAGRAMS - PIE DIAGRAMS AND
CURVES -MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY - MEAN - MODE - MEDIAN - GEOMETRIC
MEAN.
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION - POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CORRELATION - SIMPLE -
PARTIAL - MULTIPLE - LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR CORRELATION.
2 Yr.
BIO-INFORMATION BIO STATICS(2030901)
TYPES OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS - REGRESSION EQUATION - TEST FOR SIGNIFICANCE
- `T` TEST - `CHI` SQUARE TEST.
CARBOHYDRATES AND THEIR METABOLISM - DIGESTION OF SUGARS AND STARCH -
DIGESTION OF COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDES - ABSORPTION AND STORAGE OF
CARBOHYDRATES.
TRANSFORMATION OF SUGAR INTO FAT - TISSUE CARBOHYDRATES - CATABOLISM OF
ESSENTIAL AND NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS - SYNTHESIS OF NON ESSENTIAL AMINO
ACIDS.
PROTEIN METABOLISM - PRODUCTS OF PROTEIN DIGESTION - PROTEIN CATABOLISM -
ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS CATABOLISM AND OPTIMUM PROTEIN INTAKE CYCLE -
PROTEIN CALORIE -MALNUTRITION.
LIPID METABOLISM - FATTY ACID ANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM - REGULATION OF
FATTY ACID - ROLE OF HORMONES - EFFECT OF DIET ON FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS.
DYNAMICS OF ENERGY - DEFINITION OF KILOCALORIES - JOULE - EXERGONIC AND
ENDERGONIC REACTIONS.
CALORIC VALUE OF FOODS - BASAL METABOLISM AND BMR RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT -
FACTORS AFFECTING AND CLINICAL ASPECTS - CALORIC REQUIREMENTS.
NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS - PROTEIN FACTORS IN NUTRITION - QUALITY OF PROTEINS -
CLASSIFICATION - QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS - PROTEIN DEFICIENCY - ROLE OF
CARBOHYDRATES IN DIET.
ROLE OF LIPIDS- METABOLISM- LIPID CONTENTS IN DIET - ROLE OF MINERALS IN DIET.
BALANCED DIET - OBESITY - IMPORTANCE - TYPES - PATHOGENESIS - METABOLIC
CHANGES IN OBESITY AND CLINICAL FEATURES.
DIET FOR IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION.
CONSTITUENTS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF COMMON FOODS - MILK - EGG - MEAT AND
FISH - PULSES AND LEGUMES - GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES AND - ROLE OF DIETARY
PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITIONAL BIO-CHEMISTRY(2030714)
FIBRES.
ASSAYS ANALYSIS OF ENZYMES ACTIVITY (METHODS) - EXPRESSION OF THE ACTIVITY
ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ENZYMES - IMPORTANCE OF PURE ENZYMES -
SEPARATION OF ISOENZYMES.
STUDY OF ENZYME KINETICS - VELOCITY OF A REACTION - ORDER OF A REACTION -
PROGRESS CURVE FOR ENZYME CATALYSES REACTIONS - FACTORS INFLUENCING
VELOCITY OF ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION - MICHAEL`S MENTEN KINETICS - KM AND
VMA.
EFFECT OF PH - TEMPERATURE ON ENZYMATIC REACTIONS - ANOMALOUS KINETICS OF
COMPETITIVE AND NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITION - END PRODUCT INHIBITION WITH
EXAMPLES.
COENZYMES - COENZYMES & COFACTORS - SUBSTRATE ENZYME RELATIONSHIP -
COENZYMES - STRUCTURE OF COENZYMES.
FUNCTION OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES - COA - NAD / NADP - FMN / FAD - BIOTIN -
FOLIC ACID - VIT B12 - BIOSYNTHESIS OF PURIDINE AND FLAVIN NUCLEOTIDES AND
COA.
MECHANISM OF ENZYME REACTION - PATHWAY OF ENZYME CATALYSED REACTIONS -
CATALYSIS.
ACID BASE CATALYSIS - PROXIMITY AND ORIENTATION EFFECT STRUCTURE AND
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF REPRESENTATIVE ENZYMES - CHYMOTRYPSIN AND
RIBONUCLEASE.
REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY - COVALENT MODULATED REGULATORY ENZYMES -
ALLOSTERIC REGULATION - ENZYME TECHNOLOGY - APPLICATION IN FOOD
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES - LARGE SCALE ENZYME EXTRACTION - PURIFICATION
AND STABILIZATION.
ADVANCED ENZYMOLOGY AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY(2030715)
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES - PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME -
LIGNOCELLULOSE DEGRADING ENZYME - PECTIN AND PECTIC ENZYME - APPLICATION
OF ENZYMES IN FOOD INDUSTRY.
CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY - SERUM ENZYMES IN HEALTH AND DISEASES - IMMOBILIZED
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY - DESIGNER ENZYMES - ABZYMES.
BIOSENSORS - RIBOZYMES.
ENZYMES STUDIES - ISOENZYMES - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - ENZYME - CLINICAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF ENZYMES (SERUM ENZYMES) - ISOENZYMES - VALUE AND
SIGNIFICANCE - RENAL FUNCTION OF LIVER - CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES IN DETAIL.
LIVER GASTRIC FUNCTION OF LIVER - CLASSIFICATION OF LIVER FUNCTION TEST -
GASTRIC FUNCTION TEST - CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS THYROID FUNCTION TEST -
CLASSIFICATION.
BLOOD HORMONE ANALYSIS - IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST FOR THYROID FUNCTION -
NORMAL WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE - DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER AND
ELECTROLYTES - NORMAL WATER BALANCE AND NORMAL ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
REGULATORY MECHANISMS - ABNORMAL WATER AND ELECTROLYTE METABOLISM -
DEHYDRATION - PATHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS - WATER INTOXICATION - ACID BASE
BALANCE - ACID BASE BALANCE IN NORMAL HEALTH.
MECHANISM OF REGULATION OF PH - (ROLE OF RESPIRATION IN ACID - BASE BALANCE)
- RENAL MECHANISM FOR REGULATION OF ACID BASE.
ACID BASE IMBALANCE - ACIDOSIS - CSF - APPEARANCE OF CSF - BIOCHEMICAL
CHANGES OF CSF URINE ANALYSIS ALKALOSIS - AMINOACIDURIAS - PROTEINURIA.
CELL -CELL AND DETAILED STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - STRUCTURE OF
THE CELL WALL - WALL PROPERTIES - FORMATION OF WALLS - INITIATION OF WALL
DURING CELL DIVISION AND GROWTH OF WALLS.
ROLE OF WATER - MOVEMENT OF WATER IN PLANTS -- STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
OF WATER - WATER POTENTIAL CONCEPT - MOVEMENT OF WATER IN CELLS -
MEASUREMENT OF WATER POTENTIAL.
OSMOTIC POTENTIAL AND PRESSURE POTENTIAL - WATER TRANSPORT - WATER IN THE
SOIL - WATER UPTAKE - ASCENT OF SAP - STOMATA AND MECHANISM OF STOMATAL
MOVEMENT - TRANSPIRATION MOVEMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC / PHLOEM
TRANSLOCATION.
CLINICAL AND PLANT BIO-CHEMISTRY(2030716)
PATHWAYS OF TRANSLOCATION - MATERIALS TRANSLOCATED - RATES OF MOVEMENT -
PHLOEM LOADING AND UNLOADING - MECHANISM OF TRANSLOCATION - TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS AND PLANT GROWTH.
PLANT HORMONE - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF PLANT HORMONES--ETHYLENE -
CYTOKININS -AUXINS - INDOLE ACETIC ACID - ABSICIC ACID FLORIGIN AND
GIBBERELLINS PHOTOCHEMICAL AND HORMONAL CONTROL IN PLANTS - PHOTO
MORPHOGENESIS - STRUCTURE PROPERTIES FUNCTIONS AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
OF PHYTOCHROMES SENESCENCE BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES REGULATION.
SECONDARY PLANT PRODUCTS - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF TANNINS -
TERPENES - ALLKALOIDS - CATECHIN - QUINOLINE - NICOTINE - MORPHINE - FLAVANOLS
CONIFERYL ALCOHOL MENTHOL MYRCENE LINALOOL - MALIC ACID - PAPAINE -
CAMPHOR- EUCALYPTUS - BORNEOL ABIETIC ACID ABOITOC ACID - QUERCETIN.
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY
1. IMMUNO DIFFUSION - SINGLE RADIAL AND DOUBLE IMMUNODIFFUSION
2. IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
3. ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
4. AGGLUTINATION TESTS
5. RAISING OF ANTIBODIES - SINGLE SOLUBLE AND PARTICULATE ANTIGEN
6. IDENTIFYING BLOOD GROUPING AND RH TYPING.
PRACTICAL IV (MSC-BIO.CHE)(2030718)
BIOTECHNOLOGY - DEFINITION, SCOPE, ACHIEVEMENTS - APPLICATION OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL AND OTHER FIELDS - APPLICATION IN GENETIC
ENGINEERING.
ENZYME BIOTECHNOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL USES OF ENZYMES - FOOD TEXTILE, PAPER,
DETERGENTS AND MEDICINE - ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ENZYMES BY
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIE; IMMOBILISED ENZYMES -
IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES AND APPLICATION OF IMMOBILISED ENZYMES.
COMMERCIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION OF INSULIN, SOMATOTROPIN,
INTERFERON`S; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES - PRODUCTION OF VITAMINS, ORGANIC
ACIDS, ALCOHOLS, ANTIBIOTICS - PENICILLIN.
BIO FERTILIZERS - BACTERIA AZOTOBACTOR, AZOSPIRILLUM - BLUE GREEN ALGAE,
AZOLLA, MICRORHYZAES TYPES; MICRORHYZAE AS BIO FERTILIZERS - BIO
GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES - BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION (CARBON CYCLE, SULPHUR
CYCLE, NITROGEN CYCLE), BIOTEACHING BIOMINING.
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE FIELD - TOTI POTENCY BASIS OF PLANT AND TISSUE
CULTURE - MEDIA, TYPES, CALLUS, SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS, SOMOCLONAL
VARIATION, PROTOPLAST CULTURE, CELL CLONES PROTOPLAST FUSION AND SOMATIC
HYBRIDIZATION - HYBRIDS - MICRO PROPAGATION; PRODUCTION OF HAPLOID PLANTS.
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