Vinayaka Mission University
Vinayaka Missions University (VMU) is a pioneering and vibrant school offering a multi-social experience with an atmosphere checked by the ideal congruity of living in differing qualities.
Years2
UNIT - 01
MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY - INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - CLASSIFICATION -
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - OCULAR MICROBIOLOGY - NORMAL OCULAR FLORA -
DEFINITION - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES - COLLECTION
OF SPECIMENS - CONJUNCTIVAL SWAB - LACRIMAL SAC - SCRAPINGS FROM CORNEAL
ULCER - AC, VITREOUS TAPPINGS - ANALYSIS
UNIT - 02
FIXING OF SLIDES - MICROSCOPY - STAINING - POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE MOUNT -
GRAM`S STAINING - GIEMSA STAINING - CULTURE
UNIT - 03
BACTERIOLOGY - DEFINITION - CLASSIFICATION - GRAM POSITIVE COCCI - COMMON
ORGANISMS - STAPHYLCOCCI - STREPTOCOCCI - PNEUMOCCCCI - CLINICAL
IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI - COMMON ORGANISMS -
CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE - C.XEROSIS.
UNIT - 04
CLINICAL - IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI - COMMON ORGANISMS
- GONOCOCCI - MENINGOCOCCI - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - GRAM
NEGATIVE BACILLI - COMMON ORGANISMS - ENTEROBACTERIA, PSEUDOMONAS -
MORAXELLA, HAEMOPHILUS - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - MYCOBACTERIA -
COMMON ORGANISMS -M.TUBERCULOSIS, M.LEPRAE.
UNIT - 05
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - SPIROCHETES - COMMON ORGANISMS -
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM -
LEPTOSPIRA - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - CHLAMYDIAE - COMMON
ORGANISMS - TRIC, LGV.
UNIT - 06
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - OCULAR VIROLOGY - DEFINITION -
CLASSIFICATION - COMMON VIRUSES - POX - HERPES - ADENO - PICORNA - RUBELLA -
RETROVIRUSES.
UNIT - 07
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - OCULAR PARASITOLOGY - DEFINITION -
CLASSIFICATION - ACANTHAMEOBA - TOXOPLASMA - TOXOCARA - FILARIA -
CYSTICERCUS - ECHINOCOCCUS - PHTHIRUS - COMMON PARASITES
UNIT - 08
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - OCULAR MYCOLOGY - DEFINITION -
CLASSIFICATION - COMMON FUNGI - FUSARIUM, ASPERGILLUS, MUCOR, CANDIDA, -
RHINOSPORIDIUM, HISTOPLASMA.
Vinayaka Missions University,Directorate of Distance Education
Salem India
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
1 Yr.
MICROBIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY[BOPT-(L)](1031004)
UNIT - 09
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE - DIAGNOSIS - OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY - DEFINITION - CLINICAL
IMPORTANCE - TYPE 1, TYPE 2, TYPE 3, TYPE 4 REACTION - STERILIZATION AND
DISINFECTION - STERILIZATION - DEFINITION - METHODS - HEAT (DRY, MOIST HEAT),
IONISING RADIATION - FILTRATION - STERILANT GASES - STERILANT LIQUIDS -
DISINFECTION - DEFINITION - METHODS - HEAT - UV RADIATION - CHEMICAL AGENTS -
FILTRATION - GASES - CHOICES OF METHODS.
UNIT - 10
GENERAL PATHOLOGY - NORMAL CELL - INJURY - INFLAMMATION - VASCULAR
COMPONENT - CELLULAR COMPONENT - HEALING AND REPAIR - VASCULAR
COMPONENT - CELLULAR COMPONENT - HYPER SENSITIVITY REACTIONS - TUMOURS.
UNIT - 11
OCULAR PATHOLOGY - EYE LIDS - CHALAZION - HORDEOLUM INTERNUM - HORDEOLUM
- EXTERNUM - CONJUNCTIVA - CONJUNCTIVITIS - CORNEA.
UNIT - 12
ULCERS - KERATOCONNUS - LENS - PATHOLOGY OF CATARACT - LENS INDUCED
GLAUCOMA & UVEITIS - TUMOURS - RETINOBLASTOMA - MALIGNANT MELANOMA
TUMOURS - ORBITAL TUMOURS & PSEUDO TUMOURS- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA -
LACRIMAL GLAND.
Years1
INTRODUCTION - GENERAL ANATOMY - THE BODY AS A WHOLE - FUNDAMENTAL
TISSUES OF HUMAN ANATOMY - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - BRAIN - STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION - SPINAL CORD AND NERVES: - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM - THE URINARY SYSTEM - KIDNEYS - URETERS -
URINARY BLADDER - STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTIONS OF MOUTH OESOPHAGUS - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF
STOMACH - SMALL INTESTINE - LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM - STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTIONS OF ANUS - LIVER - SPLEEN - PANCREAS
CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM - HEART ARTERIES VEINS AND CAPILLARIES -
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - NOSE - BRONCHI - LUNGS - DIAPHRAGM - SKELETON SYSTEM
& MUSCULAR SYSTEM - SKULL BONES - BONES OF THE BODY - JOINTS - VOLUNTARY
AND INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM - PREGNANCY AND CHILD BIRTH - OCULAR EMBRYOLOGY - STRUCTURES
DERIVED FROM SURFACES ECTODERM - NEUROECTODERM - MESODERM
ANATOMY OF THE EYE - BONY ORBIT - SHAPE - DIMENSIONS - BASE - ROOF FLOOR -
MEDIAL WALL - LATERAL WALL - APEX - CONTENTS OF THE ORBIT - SURGICAL ANATOMY
SURGICAL SPACES IN THE ORBIT - EPISCLERAL SPACE - CENTRAL SURGICAL SPACE -
PERIPHERAL SURGICAL SPACE - SUBPERIOSTEAL SPACE - MUSCLES IN THE ORBIT -
INTRA OCULAR MUSCLES - EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES - ORIGIN - INSERTION - BLOOD
SUPPLY - NERVE SUPPLY - ACTION
EYELIDS - LAYERS - NERVES SUPPLY - BLOOD SUPPLY - MOVEMENTS OF EYELIDS -
SURGICAL IMPORTANCE - LACRIMAL APPARATUS - LACRIMAL GLAND - ACCESSORY
LACRIMAL GLANDS - CONJUNCTIVA SAC - LACRIMAL PUNCTA - LACRIMAL CANALICULI -
LACRIMAL SAC - NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
ANATOMY OF THE EYEBALL - DIMENSIONS LAYERS - FIBROUS TUNIC OF EYEBALL -
SCLERA - CORNEA AND LIMBUS - ANATOMY - BLOOD SUPPLY - NERVE SUPPLY -
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN OPTOMETRY
GENERAL ANATOMY AND OCULAR ANATOMY(1060109)
APPLIED ANATOMY - VASCULAR TUNIC OF EYEBALL - UVEAL TRACT - ANATOMY OF IRIS -
CILIARY BODY - CHOROID - BLOOD SUPPLY - NERVE SUPPLY - APPLIED ANATOMY
AATOMY OF ANGLE OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER & AQUEOUS HUMOUR - RETINA - LAYERS -
BLOOD SUPPLY - NERVE SUPPLY - APPLIED ANATOMY - LENS & CILIARY ZONULE -
DIMENSION - STRUCTURE
VITREOUS - ANATOMY - ANATOMY OF THE VISUAL PATHWAY & BLOOD SUPPLY - RETINA
- OPTIC NERVE - OPTIC CHIASMA - OPTIC TRACT - LATERAL GENICULATE BODY - OPTIC
RADIATION
VISUAL CORTEX
OPHTHALMIC ARTERY - ORIGIN - BRANCHES - ANATOMY OF THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS -
COULOMETER NERVE (III CRANIAL NERVE) - ORIGIN SUPPLY APPLIED ANATOMY -
TROCHLEAR NERVE (IV CRANIAL NERVE) - ORIGIN SUPPLY - APPLIED ANATOMY -
ABDUCENT NERVE (VI CRANIAL NERVE) - ORIGIN SUPPLY - APPLIED ANATOMY -
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V CRANIAL NERVE) - ORIGIN SUPPLY - APPLIED ANATOMY
FACIAL NERVE (VLL CRANIAL NERVE) - ORIGIN SUPPLY APPLIED ANATOMY -
RELATIONSHIP PITUITARY FOSSA WITH VISUAL PATHWAY - NASAL CAVITY - PARANASAL
AIR
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LIFE CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS, PROTEINS, VITAMINS, ENZYMES
TEAR FILM, CORNES
AQUEOUS HUMOUR, LENS
POSTING IN BIOCHEMISTRY LAB, THEORY AND PRACTICALS IN LAB, HB, TC
DC, ESR, BLOOD SUGAR
SERUM CHOLESTROL, BLOOD UREA, CREATININE
BLEEDING TIME, CLOTTING TIME
BLOOD GROUPING, URINE SUGAR
MOTION EXAMINATION, POSTING IN MICROBIOLOGY LAB
CORNEAL SCARPING, GRMAS STAIN
KOH STAIN, CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
INTRODUCTION - DEFINITION - FUNCTIONS - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CARDIO
VASCULAR SYSTEM - GASTRO INTESTINAL SYSTEM - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM -
EXCRETORY SYSTEM - SENSE ORGANS - BLOOD GROUPING
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE - THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS - TEAR FILM COMPONENTS -
FUNCTIONS - SECRETION - DRAINAGE - INVESTIGATIONS - CORNEA - METABOLISM
PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUEOUS - FORMATION - DRAINAGE - MAINTENANCE OF IOP -
PHYSIOLOGY OF LENS - COMPOSITION - METABOLISM - PUPIL - NORMAL PUPIL - LIGHT
REFLEX - NEAR REFLEX
ACCOMMODATION - DEFINITION - MECHANISM - COMPONENTS
THEORIES - RANGE OF ACCOMMODATION - AMPLITUDE OF ACCOMMODATION -
ACCOMODATION - CONVERGENCE RATIO - PRESBYOPIA
RETINA - VISUAL CYCLE - ELECTRO PHYSIOLOGY - EOG - ERG - VEP
COLOR VISION - VISIBLE SPECTRUM - THEORIES OF COLOR VISION - DEFECTIVE COLOR
VISION - TESTS FOR COLOR VISION
PHYSIOLOGY OF BINOCULAR VISION - INTRODUCTION - MECHANISM - GRADES -
THEORIES OF BINOCULAR VISION - HOROPTER - PANUM`S SPACE -
PHYSIOLOGICAL DIPLOPIA - CONFUSION & DIPLOPIA - RETINAL RIVALRY -
SUPPRESSION - AMBLYOPIA - TESTS FOR BINOCULAR VISION
EXTRA OCULAR MOVEMENTS - AXES OF FICK - LISTING`S PLANE - DUCTIONS -
VERSIONS - VERGENCE - POSITIONS OF GAZE
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY AND OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY(1060112)
AGNOIST - SYNERGIST - ANTAGONIST - HERRINGS LAW - SHERRINGTONS LAW
PRIMARY - SECONDARY & TERTIARY ACTION OF MUSCLES - EFFECT OF PARALYSIS
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT, PROPAGATION OF LIGHT
PHOTON, INTERFERENCE, POLARIZATION
LASAR, PRINCIPLES OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT, LAWS OF REFLECTION, PLANE MIRROR
CONCAVE MIRROR, CONVEX MIRROR, PRINCIPLES OF REFRACTION OF LIGHT
LAWS OF REFRACTION, REFRACTION THROUGH PLATE OF GLASS, REFRACTION
THROUGH THE PRISM
POLYCHROMATIC EFFECTS, NOMENCLATURE OF PRISMS, CENTRAD
PRIMS DIOPTRES, ROTATING PRISMS, REFRACTION AT CURVE SURFACES
LENS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS, INTRODUCTION - CONVEX AND CONVACE, PRINCIPAL
AXIS OR OPTICAL AXIS, FOCAL LENGTH, DIOPTRE
OPTICAL CENTRE OF LENS, IMAGES FORMED BY VARIOUS LENSES - CONVEX LENS &
CONCAVE LENS, CYLINDRICAL LENSES, STURMS CONOID
GAUSS THEOREM, COMBINATION OF CYLINDRICAL LENSES, OPTICAL ABERRATIONS,
DIFFRACTION
CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS, MONO CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS, SPHERICAL, COMO OR
SINE
REFRACTION ON ECCENTRIC RAYS, CURVATURE & DISTORTION, DEPTH OF FOCUS
EYES AS A REFRACTING APPARATUS - CATOPTRIC IMAGERY OF THE EYE - PURKINJESANSON
IMAGES
THE CORNEAL AND LENTICULAR SYSTEM - REFRACTIVE INDEX OF CORNEA -
CURVATURE OF ANTERIOR SURFACE
OPTICAL RESOLUTION OF THE EYE - SCHEMATIC EYE OF GULL STRAND - LISTING`S
REDUCED EYE - DONDER`S REDUCED EYE - VISUAL ANGLES - VISUAL ACUITY - VISUAL
AXES AND AXIAL LENGTH OF EYE - VISUAL ANGLE - LINE ACUITY - VERNIER ACUITY
VISUAL ACUITY - DISTANCE VISION - NEAR VISION - OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF VISION
- OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS - OSCILLATORY MOTION - ARRESTING NYSTAGMUS - AXIS
OF THE EYE
OPTICAL AXIS - VISUAL AXIS - FIXATION AXIS - VISUAL ANGLES AXIAL LENGTH -
OPTICAL ABERRATIONS OF THE EYE - CHROMATIC ABERRATIONS - MONO CHROMATIC
ABERRATIONS - SPHERICAL ABERRATIONS - DEPTH OF FOCUS - SINE CONDITION -
CURVATURE AND DISTORTION - ERRORS OF REFRACTION - INTRODUCTION - AXIAL -
CURVATURE - RELATIVE POSITIONS OF REFRACTING SURFACES - INDEX - ABSENCES
OF ELEMENTS - DISTRIBUTION OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS - CLINICAL SYMPTOMS -
VISUAL SYMPTOMS
OCULAR SYMPTOMS - REFERRED SYMPTOMS - FUNCTIONAL SYMPTOMS -
HYPERMETROPIA - CLASSIFICATION - CLINICAL SYMPTOMS - TREATMENT - APHAKIA -
OPTIC OF APHAKIA - VISION IN APHAKIA - FIELD IN APHAKIA - TREATMENT
PSEUDOPHAKIA - MYOPIA - SIMPLE MYOPIA - PATHOLOGICAL MYOPIA - TREATMENT
ASTIGMATISM - REGULAR ASTIGMATISM - WITH THE RULE - AGAINST THE RULE -
HYPERMETROPIC - ASTIGMATISM - MYOPIC ASTIGMATISM - MIXED ASTIGMATISM -
IRREGULAR ASTIGMATISM - BASIC KERATOCONUS - TREATMENT
PHYSICAL & OPTICS[B.SC-BOPT](1060204)
BINOCULAR OPTICAL DEFECTS - ANISOMETROPIA - SIMPLE COMPOUND -
MIXED - SIMPLE ASTIGMATIC ANISOMETROPIA - COMPOUND ASTIGMATIC
ANISOMETROPIA -
MIXED ASTIGMATIC - ANISOMETROPIA
ANISEIKONIA - SYMMETRICAL - ASYMMETRICAL - AETIOLOGY - SYMPTOMS - CLINICAL -
MEASUREMENT - TREATMENT
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY - DEFINITION - PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS - ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION - ADVERSE EFFECTS
OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY - PHARMACOKINETICS AND ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION -
TOPICAL - SUB CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION - ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SUBTENON
INJECTION - RETROBULBAR INJECTION - INTRACAMERAL INJECTION - INTRAVITREAL
INJECTION - ORAL PREPARATION - INTRA MUSCULAR AND INTRA VENOUS INJECTION
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY - ANTIBIOTICS - DEFINITION -
PRINCIPLES OF ACTION - SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS - INDICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC
USE - ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS - DEFINITION - PRINCIPLES OF ACTION - SIDE EFFECTS OF
ANTI FUNGALS - INDICATION OF ANTI FUNGALS
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS - DEFINITION - PRINCIPLES OF ACTION - SIDE EFFECTS OF
ANTIVIRAL - INDICATION OF ANTIVIRAL
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
STEROIDS - AVAILABLE FORMS - PRINCIPLE OF STEROID THERAPY - INDICATION OF
STEROIDS - CONTRA INDICATION OF STEROIDS - COMPLICATIONS - NON STEROIDS -
AVAILABLE FORMS - MECHANISM OF ACTION - SIDE EFFECTS OF NON STEROID
ARTIFICIAL TEARS - AVAILABLE FORMS - USES - ANAESTHETIC AGENTS - MECHANISM
OF ACTION - ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION - LOCAL ANAESTHESIA - REGIONAL
ANAESTHESIA
AGENTS USED TO IMPROVE THE ACTION OF LOCAL ANAESTHETIC AGENTS - EFFECTS
OF RETROBULBAR BLOCK - COMPLICATION OF RETROBULBAR INJECTION - MYDRIATICS
AND CYCLOPLEGICS - PARASYMPATHOLYTIC AGENTS - ATROPINE - HOMATROPINE -
CYCLOPENTOLATE - TROPICAMIDE - DURATION OF ACTION - MECHANISM OF ACTION -
OPHTHALMIC USES - ADVERSE REACTION - PREPARATION - PRECAUTION -
2 Yr.
GENERAL & OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY[BOPT-(L)](1060108)
SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS - EPINEPHRINE - PHENYLEPHRINE - DURATION OF ACTION
- MECHANISM OF ACTION - OPHTHALMIC USES - ADVERSE REACTION - PREPARATION -
PRECAUTION
MIOTICS - PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS - PILOCARPINE - CARBACHOL - DURATION OF
ACTION - MECHANISM OF ACTION - INDICATION - SIDE EFFECT - VISCOELASTIC
SUBSTANCES - MECHANISM OF ACTION - AVAILABLE FORMS - ANTERIOR CHAMBER
IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS - BALANCED SALT SOLUTION - COMPONENTS - USES
CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS - HARD CONTACT LENS SOLUTION - WETTING SOLUTION -
CLEANING SOLUTION - SOAKING SOLUTION - COMFORT OR CONDITIONER SOLUTION -
DECONGESTANT SOLUTION - DIAGNOSTIC SOLUTION - SOFT CONTACT LENS SOLUTION
- PROPHYLACTIC CLEANING SOLUTION - ENZYMATIC CLEANER - THERMAL
DISINFECTING, RINSING AND STORAGE SOLUTION - CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT AND
STORAGE SOLUTION - COMFORT SOLUTION
DYES USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY - FLUORESCEIN SODIUM - USES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
- FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY - OTHER USES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY -
PREPARATION - SIDE EFFECTS - TOXIC REACTION - ROSE BENGAL - ACTION -
OPHTHALMIC USES - MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS - METHYLENE BLUE - TRYPAN BLUE -
INDOCYANINE GREEN - THERAPY OF NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS - AFFECTING THE EYE -
VITAMIN A - VITAMIN B1 - B6 - B12 - VITAMIN C - VITAMIN D - VITAMIN K - FUNCTIONS -
OCULAR SIGNS IN DEFICIENCY - FOOD SOURCES - RECOMMENDED DOSE -
ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS - STERILIZATION - REDUCTION OF BIOBURDEN -
VARIOUS METHODS - STERILIZATION - CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS - ACTION
- USES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY - PREPARATION - GAS STERILIZATION - ETHYLENE OXIDE -
METHOD - DISADVANTAGES - STERILIZATION OF OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS -
PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PERIOCULAR SKIN
OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS - BINOCULAR VISION - SIMPLE AND COMPOUND
MICROSCOPE - OIL IMMERSION EYEPIECE - REFRACTIVE INSTRUMENTS - TEST CHART
STANDARDS - CHOICE OF TEST CHARTS - TRIAL CASE LENSES - BEST FORMS -
REFRACTOR (PHOROPTER) HEAD UNITS - TRIAL FRAME DESIGN - NEAR VISION
DIFFICULTIES WITH UNITS AND TRIAL FRAME
RETINOSCOPE - TYPES AVAILABLE - ADJUSTMENT OF RETINOSCOPES - SPECIAL
FEATURES - CYLINDER RETINOSCOPE - SPECIAL SUBJECTIVE TEST - POLARIZING AND
DISPLACEMENT - ETC - SIMULTANTEST - PROJECTION CHARTS - ILLUMINATION OF THE
CONSULTING ROOM - SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS - BRIGHTNESS ACUITY TEST - VISION
ANALYZER - PUPILOMETER - VIDEO ACUITY TEST - NERVE FIBER ANALYSER
AHAOPHTHALMOSCOPES AND RELATED DEVICES - DESIGN OF OPHTHALMOSCOPES -
ILLUMINATION/VIEWING - DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE - FILTERS FOR
OPHTHALMOSCOPY - INDIRECT - PHTHALMOSCOPES - THE USE OF THE
OPHTHALMOSCOPE IN SPECIAL CASES - LENSOMETER - SLIT LAMP - SLIT LAMP
SYSTEMS - SLIT LAMP ACCESSORIES
MECHANICAL DESIGN IN INSTRUMENTS - TONOMETER - TONOMETER PRINCIPLES -
TYPES OF TONOMETERS AND STANDARDIZATION - USE AND INTERPRETATION OF
TONOMETERS
FUNDUS CAMERA - THE FUNDUS CAMERA - PRINCIPLES - THE FUNDUS CAMERA -
TECHNIQUES - EXTERNAL EYE PHOTOGRAPHY - APPARATUS - KERATOMETER
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY - ORTHOPTIC INSTRUMENTS - ORTHOPTIC INSTRUMENTS -
HAPLOSCOPES - ORTHOPTIC INSTRUMENTS - HOME DEVICES - ORTHOPTIC
INSTRUMENTS - PLEOPTICS - HISTORICAL - INSTRUMENTS - COLOR VISION TESTING
DEVICES
COLOR CONFUSION / HUE DISCRIMINATION / COLOR MATCHING - FM-100 HUE TEST -
FIELDS OF VISION AND SCREENING DEVICES - PERIMETER AND THE VISUAL FIELD -
ILLUMINATION OF FIELD TESTING INSTRUMENTS - PROJECTION PERIMETERS
OPTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS &CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF VISUAL
SYSTEMS PAPER II[BOPT-(L)](1060202)
SCREENING DEVICES FOR FIELD DEFECTS - RESULTS OF FIELD EXAMINATION - BOWL
PERIMETERS - GOLDMA - OCTOPUS FIELD ANALYZER - OPHTHALMIC
ULTRASONAGRAPHY - BIOMETRY
ULTRASOUND/A SCAN & B SCAN - UBM - NERVE FIBER ANALYZER - SPECULAR
MICROSCOPE - LASER IN OPHTHALMOLOGY - YAG CAPSULOTOMY - GREEN - RED -
EXCIMER LASER - PACHYMETER
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF VISUAL SYSTEM - HISTORY - OCULAR SYMPTOMS - THE
PAST - RESCRIPTION & ITS INFLUENCE - VISUAL ACUITY TESTING - DISTANCE AND NEAR
- COLOR VISION
EXAMINATION OF MUSCLE BALANCE - SLIT LAMP EXAMINATION - EXAMINATIONS OF EYE
LIDS - CONJUNCTIVA AND SCLERA - EXAMINATION OF CORNEA - EXAMINATION OF IRIS -
CILIARY BODY AND PUPIL - EXAMINATION OF LENS - EXAMINATION OF INTRAOCULAR
PRESSURE AND EXAMINATION OF ANGLE OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER
OPHTHALMOSCOPY - DIRECT AND INDIRECT - EXAMINATION OF FUNDS (VITREOUS AND
DISC) - (CHOROID AND RETINA) - EXAMINATION OF LACRIMAL SYSTEM - EXAMINATION
OF THE ORBIT - MACULAR FUNCTION TEST - VISUAL FIELD CHARTING (CENTRAL),
(PERIPHERAL) - NEURO - OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
SPECTACLE LENSES - INTRODUCTION TO SPECTACLE LENSES - FORMS OF LENSES -
CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERO CYLINDRICAL LENSES - PROPERTIES OF CROSSED
CYLINDERS.
TORIC LENSES, TORIC TRANSPOSITION - ASTIGMATIC LENSES - AXIS DIRECTION OF
ASTIGMATIC LENSES - OBLIQUELY CROSSED CYLINDERS - SAG FORMULAE -
MISCELLANEOUS SPECTACLE LENSES.
VERTEX DISTANCE AND VERTEX POWER - TILT INDUCED POWER - ABBERATIONS IN
OPHTHALMIC LENSES - FRESNEL PRISMS, LENSES AND MAGNIFIERS.
SPECTACLE LENSES - MANUFACTURE OF GLASS - LENS SURFACING - PRINCIPLE OF
SURFACE GENERATION AND GLASS CEMENTS.
LENS QUALITY - FAULTS IN LENS MATERIAL - FAULTS ON LENS SURFACE - INSPECTING
THE QUALITY OF LENSES - TOUGHENED LENSES.
OPHTHALMIC LENSES - DEFINITION OF PRISMS, UNITS OF PRISM POWER - THICKNESS
DIFFERENCE AND BASE APEX NOTATIONS - DIVIDING, COMPOUNDING AND RESOLVING
PRISMS - ROTARY PRISMS AND EFFECTIVE PRISM POWER IN NEAR VISION - PRISMATIC
EFFECT, DECENTRATION, PRENTICE RULE - PRISMATIC EFFECT OF SPHEROCYLINDERS
AND PLANO CYLINDERS - DIFFERENTIAL PRISMATIC EFFECTS.
SPECTACLE FRAMES - TYPES AND PARTS - CLASSIFICATION OF SPECTACLE FRAMES -
MATERIAL, WEIGHT, TEMPLE POSITION, COLORATION - FRAME CONSTRUCTION, FRAME
MEASUREMENTS AND MAKINGS.
TINTED AND PROTECTIVE LENSES - CHARACTERISTICS OF TINTED LENSES -
ABSORPTIVE GLASSES - POLARISING FILTERS - PHOTOCHROMIC FILTERS - REFLECTING
FILTERS.
BIFOCAL LENSES - TRIFOCAL LENSES - PROGRESSIVE ADDITION LENSES - LENTICULAR
LENSES - REFLECTION FROM SPECTACLE LENSES, GHOST IMAGES, REFLECTIONS IN
BIFOCALS AT THE DIVIDING LIN.
OPTOMETRIC OPTICS [BOPT-(L)](1060203)
ANTIREFLECTION COATING, ANTISCRATCH COATING, ANTIFOG COATING, MIRROR
COATING, EDGE COATING, F - MULTI COATING [HMC] - FIELD OF VIEW OF LENSES - SIZE,
SHAPE AND MOUNTING OF OPHTHALMIC LENSES - ASPHERICAL LENSES.
SPECIAL LENSES - EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS - LENS FAULTS INSPECTIONS -
MEASUREMENTS OF ASSORTED FACES FOR SPECTACLE.
MAKING AND EDGING OF BIFOCAL LENSES - EDGING OF LENSES FOR PLASTIC, METAL
REVIEW OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS - VERGENCE AND POWER - CONJUGANCY - OBJECT
SPACE AND IMAGE SPACE - SIGN CONVENTION
SPHERICAL REFRACTING SURFACE - SPHERICAL MIRROR - CATOPTRIC POWER -
CARDINAL POINTS - MAGNIFICATION
OPTICS OF OCULAR STRUCTURES - CORNEA AND AQUEOUS - CRYSTALLINE LENS -
VITREOUS - SCHEMATIC AND REDUCED EYE - MEASUREMENT OF THE OPTICAL
CONSTANTS OF THE EYE
CONCAVE CURVATURE AND THICKNESS - KERATOMETRY - CURVATURE OF THE LENS
AND OPTHALMOPHAKOMETRY - AXIAL AND AXIS OF THE EYE
REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES AND THEIR CAUSES - AETIOLOGY OF REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES
- CONTRIBUTING VARIABILITIES AND THEIR RANGES
POPULATING DISTRIBUTIONS OF ANOMALIES - OPTICAL COMPONENT MEASUREMENT -
GROWTH OF THE EYE IN RELATION TO REFRACTIVE ERRORS
REFRACTIVE CONDITIONS - EMMETROPIA - MYOPIA - HYPEROPIA - ASTIGMATISM -
ACCOMMODATION - PRESBYOPIA
FAR AND NEAR POINTS OF ACCOMMODATION - CORRECTION OF SPHERICAL
AMETROPIA - AXIAL VERSUS REFRACTIVE AMETROPIA
RETINOSCOPY LL- PRINCIPLES AND METHODS - RETINOSCOPY - SPEED OF REFLEX AND
OPTIUM CONDITION
VISUAL OPTICS [BOPT-(L)](1060207)
RETINOSCOPY - DESIGN CONSIDERATION - REVIEW OF OBJECTIVE REFRACTIVE
METHODS - REVIEW OF SUBJECTIVE REFRACTIVE METHODS - CROSS CYLINDER
METHODS FOR ASTIGMATISM - DIFFICULTIES IN SUBJECTIVE TESTS AND THEIR
AVOIDANCE - TRANSPOSITION OF LENSES - SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
EFFECTIVE POWDER OF SPECTACLES VERTEX DISTANCE EFFECTS - OCULAR
REFRACTION VERSUS SPECTACLE REFRACTION - OCULAR ACCOMMODATION VERSUS
SPECTACLE ACCOMMODATION
SPECTACLE MAGNIFICATION AND RELATIVE SPECTACLE MAGNIFICATION - RETINAL
IMAGE BLUR - DEPTH OF FOCUS AND DEPTH OF FIELD
1.SURFACING AND POLISHING GLASS LENSES
2.GLAZING
3.FRAME MANIPULATION AND REPAIR
4.FACIAL MEASUREMENTS AND FRAME CHOICE
5.POWER AND DIMENSION MEASUREMENTS OF COMPLETE PAIR OF SPECTACLES
6.COMPLETE DISPENSING FOR SUBJECTS
7.SPECIAL LENSES - EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS
8.LENS FAULTS INSPECTIONS
9.MEASUREMENTS OF ASSORTED FACES FOR SPECTACLE
10.MAKING AND EDGING OF BIFOCAL LENSES
11.EDGING OF LENSES FOR PLASTIC, METAL AND RIMLESS FRAMES
12.JOINING PLASTICS BY DIFFERENT SOLVENTS
Years3
LIGHT-PROPERTIES, PROPAGATION. WAVES- TYPES, MEASURABLE PARAMETERS OF
WAVES, ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM. PHOTOBIOLOGY, PHOTON, RAY, LAW OF
INVERSE SQUARES, FORMATION OF IMAGE. INTERFERENCE, HUYGENS` PRINCIPLE,
USES OF INTERFERENCE, LASER INTERFEROMETER, POLARIZATION, CLINICAL
APPLICATIONS OF POLARIZATION
REFLECTION- LAWS, REFLECTION THROUGH PLANE MIRRORS, REFLECTION THROUGH
SPHERICAL MIRRORS. REFRACTION OF LIGHT. REFRACTION- LAWS, REFRACTIVE
INDEX, CRITICAL ANGLE, TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION. REFRACTION THROUGH
VARIOUS SURFACES. POLYCHROMATIC EFFECTS, NOMENCLATURE OF PRISMS,
ROTATING PRISMS, USES OF PRISMS
LENSES-TYPES, FORMATION OF CONVEX AND CONCAVE LENSES. GEOMETRICAL
CONSTRUCTION OF IMAGES, DETERMINATION OF OPTICAL CENTRE OF THE LENS, 3.5
IMAGE FORMED BY VARIOUS LENSES, SIZE AND POSITION OF IMAGE, CYLINDRICSL
LENSES, COMBINATION OF LENSES
VISUAL ANGLE, VISUAL ACUITY, COMPONENTS OF VISUAL ACUITY, FACTORS
AFFECTING VISUAL ACUITY, MEASUREMENT OF VISUAL ACUITY, TEST TYPES USED IN
ADULTS, TEST TYPES USED IN CHILDREN, OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF VISION,
ASSESSMENT OF NEAR VISION
AXES OF THE EYE, VISUAL ANGLES, THE DIOPTRIC NOTATION OF LENSES (VERGENCE)
OPTICAL SYSTEMS, REFRACTION BY COMBINATION OF LENSES, COMPOUND
HOMOCENTRIC SYSTEMS, THICK LENSES
OPTICAL ABERRATIONS OF LENSES, ABERRATIONS DEPENDING UPON THE LIGHT,
MONOCHROMATIC ABERRATIONS, OPTICAL ABERRATIONS OF THE EYE-ABERRATIONS
DEPENDING UPON THE LIGHT- MONOCHROMATIC ABERRATIONS, ANOMALIES AS A
DIOPTRIC APPARATUS
GENERAL HISTORY, SYSTEMIC ILLNESS, TREATMENT HISTORY, PERSONAL AND
PROFESSIONAL HISTORY, FAMILY HISTORY, HISTORY OF ALLERGIES, OCULAR
HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINTS, HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS, PAST HISTORY
VISUAL ACUITY, COLOUR VISION, EXAMINATION OF FACE, OCULAR ADNEXA, POSITION
OF THE EYES, OCULAR MOVEMENTS
3 Yr.
OPTOMETRY PRACTICE(1050146)
UNIT – 09
TORCH, LOUPE AND SLIT LAMP EXAMINATION, EXAMINATION OF CONJUNCTIVA,
EXAMINATION OF SCLERA, EXAMINATION OF CORNEA, EXAMINATION OF ANTERIOR
CHAMBER, EXAMINATION OF THE IRIS. EXAMINATION OF THE PUPIL-NUMBER-LOCATION
-SIZE-SHAPE-REACTIONS, EXAMINATION OF THE LENS
NORMAL FUNDUS, COLOUR, TEXTURE, FUNDUS PATTERN, NERVE FIBRE PATTERN,
RETINAL REFLEXES, OPTIC DISC, MACULA, RETINAL VESSELS. EXAMINATION OF
RETINA, DISTANT DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY, DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY, BINOCULAR
INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY, POSERIOR FUNDUS LENSES, FUNDUS CAMERA, FUNDUS
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY, INDOCYANINE GREEN
FLUORESCEIN STAINING, CONJUNCTIVAL SMEAR, LACRIMAL SYRINGING, THE INTRAOCULAR
PRESSURE, KERATOMETER, PTOSIS EVALUATION, VISUAL FIELDS
EXAMINATION, CONFRONTATION TEST, LISTER`S PERIMETER, SCOTOMETRY,
AUTOMATED PERIMETRY
ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS, ELECTRO-RETINOGRAM, VISUAL EVOKED
RESPONSE, ELECTRO-OCULOGRAM, DARK ADAPTATION, ULTRASONOGRAPHY, A-SCAN,
B-SCAN, IMAGING INVESTIGATIONS, X-RAY, CT-SCAN, MRI, BIOPSY-EXCISION/LNCISION
BIOPSY, FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY.
UNDERSTANDING OLDER PATIENTS, IMPLICATIONS OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, AGING
AND THE LIFE CYCLE CONTINUUM, AGEISM - MYTHS, STEREOTYPES, AND REALITIES
ABOUT OLDER PERSONS
MEETING THE NEEDS OF OLDER PATIENTS, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF
AGING, AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITIES, IMPLICATIONS FOR
STAFF ROLE, IMPLICATIONS FOR OFFICE DESIGN
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE EXAMINATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE OLDER
PATIENT, MULTIPLE HEALTH PROBLEMS, COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS,
POLYPHARMACY - COMPLIANCE ISSUES, INTERACTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL,
AND PHYSICAL FACTORS, CLINICAL EVALUATION - METHODS AND TECHNIQUES,
INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM CARE, INSTITUTIONAL AND HOME-BOUND PATIENT CARE
SYSTEMIC CHANGES OF AGING, HOMEOSTASIS, HEALTH AND LEVELS OF IMPAIRMENT:
A CONTINUUM, PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN AGING, BODY COMPOSITION, SENSORY
PATTERNS, STATURE AND POSTURE, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM, ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, METABOLIC SYSTEM, IMMUNE SYSTEM, NEUROLOGICAL
SYSTEM, NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, REST AND SLEEP PATTERNS
SYSTEMIC DISEASES OF AGING, HYPERTENSION, ARTHRITIS, DIABETES, THE
DEMENTIAS, DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER TYPE, ILLNESSES WHICH CAN BE
CONFUSED WITH DEMENTIA, PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICITS, OTHER
IMPORTANT SYSTEMIC DISEASES OF AGING
OCULAR AGING, EXPECTED AGE-RELATED OCULAR CHANGES, CHANGES IN THE
ADNEXA, CHANGES IN EXTRA-OCULAR MUSCLES, MEDIA CHANGES AND EFFECTS,
RETINAL AGING AND FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS
VISUAL-PERCEPTUAL CHANGES AND FUNCTIONAL RAMIFICATIONS, STATIC AND
DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY, OCULAR MOTILITY, AMPLITUDE OF ACCOMMODATION,
ACCOMMODATIVE-CONVERGENCE RELATIONSHIPS, CONTRAST SENSITIVITY FUNCTION,
COLOR VISION EFFECTS, DARK ADAPTATION, CHANGES IN REFRACTIVE STATE, OTHER
PERCEPTUAL RESPONSES INCLUDING CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO LUMINANCE LEVELS
COMMON AGE-RELATED OCULAR DISEASES, ANTERIOR SEGMENT DISEASE, CORNEAL
DISEASE, CATARACT, VITREAL DISORDERS, RETINAL DISEASE, OPTIC NERVE
GERIATRIC OPTOMETRY(1050147)
DISORDERS, GLAUCOMA, NEURO-OPHTHALMIC DISEASE
DRUG USE AND ABUSE IN THE ELDERLY, PHARMACOKINETICS AND DYNAMICS,
SYSTEMIC AND OCULAR EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS, PRESCRIPTION DRUGS AND OVERTHE-
COUNTER MEDICATIONS, POLYPHARMACY AND ADVERSE DRUG INTERACTIONS,
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COMPLIANCE, SUBSTANCE ABUSE
HISTORY OF GENETIC FACTORS, PRENATAL FACTORS, PERINATAL FACTORS,
POSTNATAL FACTORS, NORMAL APPEARANCE, PATHOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL
ANOMALIES OF ORBIT, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL SYSTEM, CONJUNCTIVA, CORNEA,
VITREOUS, FUNDUS, OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM.
MODIFICATION OF CLINICAL PROCEDURES, OPTOMETRIC AND FUNCTIONAL CASE
HISTORY, ASSESSING VISUAL ACUITIES, REFRACTING AND PRESCRIBING, EVALUATING
OCULAR HEALTH, ASSESSING VISUAL FIELDS, EVALUATING BINOCULARITY,
IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL TESTS, INDICATIONS FOR COLOR, CONTRAST, AND GLARE
TESTING, INDICATIONS FOR LABORATORY AND IMAGING TESTING, SENSORY MOTOR
ADAPTABILITY
MANAGING COMMON VISION DISORDERS, LENS DESIGN OPTIONS FOR REFRACTIVE
DISORDERS, PRESCRIBING OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR ACTIVE ELDERS,
REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES FOR ELDERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, DRUG
THERAPY, NUTRITION AND NUTRITIONAL THERAPY, MANAGEMENT AND
COMANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS, MONITORING PERFORMANCE AND ENSURING
CONTINUITY OF CARE.
AMBLYOPIA AND ECCENTRIC FIXATION - TREATMENT OF AMBLYOPIA - SPECIAL FORMS
OF STRABISMUS - NYSTAGMUS - NON SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF STRABISMUS.
CONTACT LENS HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT. BENEFITS OF CONTACT LENS OVER -
SPECTACLE. MANUFACTING METHODS-SPIN CAST, LATHE CUT, CAST MODELING. SLIT
LAMP EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE.
CORNCAL TOPOGRAPHY-KERATOMETRY & EXTENDED KERATOMETRY. CONTACT LENS
OPTICS- CONTACT LENS & SPECTACLE LENS. BACK VERTEX CALCULATION. CONTACT
LENS & TEAR LENS SYSTEM.
CLASSIFICATION OF CONTACT LENS & ITS MATERIAL (SOFT & RGP); MATERIAL
PROPERTY. CONTACT LENS TERMINOLOGY. RGP & SOFT LENS DESIGN. FDA
CLASSIFICATION OF CONTACT LENS MATERIAL.
PATIENT SELECTION & PRESCREENING. INDICATIONS & CONTRA INDICATIONS OF
CONTACT LENS. SOFT SPHERICAL CONTACT LENS FITTING & ASSESSMENT. SOFT
CONTACT LENS CASE & MAINTENANCE. SPHERICAL RGP CONTACT LENS FITTING &
ASSESSMENT.
RGP CONTACT LENS CARE & MAINTENANCE. CONTACT LENS FITTING IN ASTIGMATISM.
CONTACT LENS FITTING IN KERATOKONUS. CONTACT LENS FITTING IN CHILDREN. RGP
LENSES - LOW D.K. AND HIGH D.K LENSES. NSTRUCTIONS REGARDING HANDLING AND
CARE OF LENSES.
COSMETIC AND PROSTHETIC CONTACT LENSES. EXTENDED WEAR LENSES VERSUS
DAILY WEAR. DISPOSABLE LENSES. CONTACT LENS - TORIC, BIFOCAL, MULTIFICAL.
THERAPEUTIC LENSES / BANDAGE LENSES. CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS - PRINCIPLE OF
ACTION, COMPOSITIONS ORDERING CONTACT LENSES - WRITING PRESCRIPTION TO
THE LAB. CONTACT LENS - MODIFICATIONS OF FINISHED LENSES (RGP).
CHECKING THE PARAMETERS. RECENT ADVANCES IN CONTACT LENSES. FOLLOW UP
EXAMINATIONS. CONTACT LENS COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT -
PROSTHETIC EYE FITTING PROCEDURES & CONFORMERS.
CONTACT LENSES(1050148)
SPATIAL SENSE - EVOLUTION OF BINOCULAR VISION - BINOCULAR FUSION,
SUPPRESSION, RIVALRY & SUMMATION - VISUAL DIRECTION, LOCAL SIGN &
CORRESPONDING POINTS - VISUAL DISTANCE, EMPIRICAL CLUES.
PANUM`S SPACE - STEREOPSIS - DEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR VISION - THE
LONGITUDINAL HOROPTER - NEURAL ASPECTS OF BINOCULAR VISION - VISUALLY
GUIDED BEHAVIOUR AND ANISEIKONIA - ARC.
QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF STRABISMUS - ESODEVIATION -
EXODEVIATION - A-V PHENOMEAN - CYCLOVERTICAL SQUINT - PSEUDOSTRABISMUS.
SPECTACLE FRAME CURRENT FRAME MATERIALS: PLASTICS, METALS - FRAME TYPES:
COMBINATION OF FRAMES, HALF-EYE FRAMES, MOUNTS, NYLON-CORD FRAME,
SPECIAL PURPOSE FRAMES.
FRAME MEASUREMENTS: THE BOXING SYSTEM, THE DATUM SYSTEM, COMPARISON OF
THE TWO SYSTEMS, LENS POSITION, SEGMENT SPECIFICATION - FRAME SELECTION:
FASHION, FUNCTION, FEEL, CONFLICTING NEEDS, PRICE, STANDARD ALIGNMENT -
TECHNICAL AND FASHION CRITERIA, SOME TIPS ON SELECTION.
FACIAL MEASUREMENT: THE PD, VISUAL AXES, MEASURING INTER PAPILLARY
DISTANCE, USING PD RULER, COMMON DIFFICULTIES IN MEASURING PDS, MEASURING
MONOCULAR PD, MEASURING NEAR PD - MEASURING HEIGHTS: SINGLE VISION, MULTI
FOCAL, BI-FOCAL, PROGRESSIVE.
PEDIATRIC DISPENSING: THE CHANGING IMAGE OF SPECTACLE, AGE DIFFERENCES -
SURFACING AND POLISHING GLASS, LENSES - POWER AND DIMENSION
MEASUREMENTS OF COMPLETE PAIR OF SPECTACLES - COMPLETE DISPENSING FOR
SUBJECTS.
LENS SELECTION: TECHNICAL CRITERIA, COMMUNICATING WITH KIDS. THE KIDS
CORNER, FACIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE KIDS, PDS CENTRES, BIFOCALS.
DEALING WITH PROBLEMS: DEALING WITH CLIENTS, COMMON CLIENT PROBLEMS,
DEALING WITH PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES, DEALING WITH THE LABORATORIES.
SPECIAL NEEDS DISPENSING: OCCUPATIONAL DISPENSING, HAZARDS IN THE WORK
PLACE, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY LEGISLATION, COMMON HAZARDS.
EYE PROTECTION: INDUSTRIAL EYE PROTECTION, SPORT STANDARDS COVERING EYE
PROTECTION, LENS MATERIALS & IMPACT RESISTANCE, FRAME & EYE PROTECTION.
IDENTIFYING THE LOW VISION PATIENTS - HISTORY - DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN
LOW VISION CASE MANAGEMENT - OPTICS OF LOW VISION AIDS - REFRACTION,
SPECIAL CHARTS, RADICAL RETINOSCOPY - EVALUATING NEAR VISION-AMSLER GRID
AND FILED DEFECTS, PRISMATIC SCANNING - GUIDELINES TO DETERMINE
MAGNIFICATION AND SELECTING LOW VISION AIDS FOR DISTANCE, INTERMEDIATE AND
NEAR.
DISPENSING OPTICS(1050149)
SPECTACLE MOUNTED TELESCOPES AND MICROSCOPES - CHILDREN WITH LOW VISION
- CHOICE OF TESTS, AIDS IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
LIGHT, GLARE AND CONTRACTS IN LOW VISION CARE AND REHABILITATION - BIOPTIC
TELESCOPES.
OPTICAL DEVICES TO HELP PEOPLE WITH FIELD DEFECTS - CONTACT LENS COMBINED
SYSTEM - REHABILITATION OF THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED.
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